Oil burner



Oct. 23, 1928. 1,683,33 7

. T. F. WILLIAMS I OIL BURNER File d Sept. 50, 1925 2 She'ets-Sheet 1 T.F. WILLIAMS OIL BURNER Filed Sept.30, 1925 1 I ZSheets-Sheet 2 w VENTORw 7990/1/73 A MM 4/47 ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 23, 1928'.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFF1cE.-;

THOMAS E. WILLIAMS, OF KEYIPORT, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO INGLIS UPPERCU,

- OF DEAL, NEW J ERSEY. "1

* on. BURNER.

Application filed September 30', 1925. Serial No. 59,707.

This invention relates to oil burners, and the embodiment as hereindisclosed features an improved and novel burner especially adapted forthe heating of dwellings etc.

The chief object of this invention is to provide a burner of the kinddescribed that is entirely automatic and positive in its operation. L Afurther object of this invention is to provide an improved burner thatis simple in form and operation and that when the same has beeninstalled, practically takesform of gas at the outlet of the burner,there being no flame at or near the surface of the oil,

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be in part apparentfroman inspection of the accompanying drawings and in part will be morefully set forth in the following particular description of one formembodying my invention, and the invention also consists in certain newand novel features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafterset forth and claimed.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a vertical section of the present invention.a I

Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion. of

the invention not included in the showing 24 there is'connected a .tube27 which enters "an auxiliar ofFig.1. v I

Figure 3 is an, alternative structure of that shown in Fig. 2.

In the resent instance, 10 designates the lower or owl portion oftheiburn'er which is formedso as to provide an annular concaved channel11in which the oil 12. is retained. To the bowl 10 there is attached in'a. removable manner, an upper portion 9 e which is somewhat' constrictedtowards its axis and adapted to support a furtherportion 15 preferablyiconstructed of renular formation of the bowl 10, the surface fractorymaterial and constricted toa greater degree at 16 so as to form inconjunction with the portion 9, a mixing chamber 43 having a relativelynarrow axial passage due to the constriction at 16. The annularformation of the bowl 10 provides a central passage or air conductor 13having an' aperture above the high level of the fuel 12. This 'airconductor connects with an air chamber or base 14, and a heat deflector17, also preferably formed of refractory material, is mounted above theair conductor 13 upon a pin 18 secured in a web 19.

It will be understood that due to the anarea of the fuel containedtherein can be increased or decreased by raising or lowering the levelof the fuel, and in consequence thereof, the surface of the fuel whichis exposed to the reflected heat will generate more or less vapordependent on its greater or lesser area. Accordingly the amount of heatgenerated by the burner will depend upon the height at which the fuel ismaintained in the bowl 10.

The fuel is conducted from a source of supply (not shown) to a controlmechanism 20 by means of an opening 21 therein, and thence to the bowl10 of the burner by means of the pipe 22. 2 This control mechanism is 85adapted to be pro-set so as to limit the thermal output of the burner toany predetermined maximum suitable to meet the requirements of anyparticular installation. Inother words, the device is set in a manner tto be hereinafter described, so as to provide heat sufiicient for eithera small or large building. Within a float chamber 23 there is supportedfor vertical movement in either direction a float cage 24, which israised or lowered by a rod 25 and a manually operable lever 26.. To thelower portion of the cage "operated y'a, solenoid 34 and anauto'transformer 34,' which are controlled "by a 'thermostat 'thatisresponsive to changes 11o temperature and which operates. within certainpreset limits so as to open or close the circuit 36. A screw 37 isprovided b which an adjustment can be made so t at the valve will alwaysbypass a minimum amount of fuel to the burner or sufficient to fill arecess40 in the lower portion of the bowl and thus maintain therein apilot light to insure constant operation of the burner under any and allchanges of temperature.

A fan blower 42 having a driving connection with a motor 42 rovides aforced draught, of air to the mlxing chamber 43 by the medium of a pipe44 which enters the base 14, and a relatively large diameter tube 45 isalso provided by means of which a natural, flow of air may be maintainedwhen for any reason the-blower ceases in its operation.- The tube 45isprovided with a shutter v 46 which normally remains closed during theoperation of the blower so as to prevent the forced flow of air frompassin out through the relatively large diameter the burner tu insteadof entering the burner, it being understood that both the pipe 44 andthe tube. 45 have connection with the base 14.

. The shutter 46 is operated by ,a solenoid'49- and an auto transformer49 which are also bontrolled by the thermostat 35. Y

With reference to Fig. 3 there is shown an alternative structure inwhich the tube 45is connected directly to the blower 42,

.the smaller pipe 44 being eliminated. With" the particular constructionas shown in Fig,"

3a natural flow of air can'be conve ed to' the burner by means of thesame tu an entrance for the air being provided in this.

instance by the opening 50 in. the side of the blower. The lower portionof the burner is connected by means ofa pipe 52' to a Suitablereceptacle 53 into which the oil sludge isdrained by gravity.

Asmall'priming cup 54 is connected to y meansof a pipe- 55;"

The operationof the burner is as follows: A quantity of fuel ispermitted to flow into the burnerandia fewdrops of gasoline from the;cup '54 addedthereto for purposes of igmtion. When suflicient heat hasbeen generated by the direct burning of the oil to efiectively. heatboth the deflector 17 and above-the por the u ist portion'15 of theburner, the reflec eat upon the surface of the oil will cause a vapor toarise therefrom which will rapidly increase in volume 'as the heat'degrtions bwomee more and more hea ythe admixture of air with thisvapor, .(thedirection offair currents being acres thearising vapor andas indicated by in drawings) a gas willbe tion 16 of theburneLJThefloatchamber 21 him-of the lever 26 to some as the oil flows L HUIperiod or until some of the oilinthe bowl has been consumed. As has beensaid hereinbefore, the setting of the float cage 24 determines themiximum output of the burner for that particular installation.

It is assumed that during the above described operation of starting theburner, that the room temperature is below normal or below that at whichthe thermostat 35 has been set to function. In consequence thereof thethermostat will be in its closed position as shown, thus permitting thecurrent to flow to the motor 42 so asto drive the blower 42 and create aforced draught. The flow of the current through the circuit 36 alsoreacts onthe solenoids 34 and 49 and their associated auto transformersthus maintaining the shutter 46 in a closed posit-ion and the valve 33in a fully opened position. The .valve 33 will thus permit the oil toflow through the pipe 22 to the burner until 't reaches the heightatwhich the controlmechanism 20- is set.

When the room temperature rises to a degreecorresponding with thesetting of the thermostat 35, the thermostat will open the circuit 36and, as a result thereof the blower will cease to operate; the shutter46 will 1 conditions enough heat is generated to main- .ta1n the desiredtemperature within the dwelling, the exterior temperature being a factorin the maintenance of the same, the burner, will continue to operateunder a natural draught. Should 'the room' temperature drop however atanytime to a ointbelow the present limit, the. circuit-will again betube '45 and the valve 33 will closed, .the blower set into operationagain, the shutter 46 closed and the valve 33 opened,

thus immediately increasing the thermal out put of the burner. The abovedescribe'doporation will continue in cycles, the duration of each cyclebeing dependent upon exterior climatic conditions, or upon the. extentto which the exterior air is the building.

' Shouldthe flow of electrical current'in the main line cease for anylength of time due to a break in the line or other causes, the blowerpermitted to enter will cease to function and the burner will I operateon. natural draught. as the shutter 46 ping of the I r 1,689,064 I jrelatively smaller inter-,

mediate its ends so as to prov-idea co'iistrict-= ed'axial assa'ge ov'er-said,mixing chamher, an a conductor extending centrally through thebowl with an aperture above the fuel level, and-a deflectordisposedweather andthat-it is not-dependent entirely as to its efficientoperation upon the cont'nuance of the electrical energy inthe circuit.

Attention is directed to the fact that the upper portion of the'burnerand the deflector 17 with can readily be removed for cleaning puretheconstruction as shown,

poses, a It should be understood that the embqdi-I I ment as describedis preferabl used in conjunction with a suitable heat distributingdevice such as a steam-boiler or furnace.

' have pointed. out in the annexed claims cjertainnovel features ofmyinvention, it wlll be understood that various omissions, sub--stitutions and changes in form and detail of the device "illustgated andin its operation may be made-by thdse skilled in the art withoutdeparting from-the spiritof the inven;

tion. v 4 Having thus described my invention,

1. A burner contain a variable quantity "of liquid fuel said'bowl beingso formed that the surface v of the cla'ssdescribed, com prising incombination a bowl adapted to area of the fuel contained therein will bein-- creased or decreased in accordance, with the quantity of fuel, amember removably' mounted upon said bowl'said member roviding ainixin'gchamber above the bow an element mounted upon said member andof abovesaid air conductor, and extending said axial passage;

throlrlgh V K 2.- n a liquid fuel burner," the combination of a bowlproviding an' annular concavedchannel adapted to contain-a quantity ofbowl said, members so formed as to provide a a mixing chamber and anaxial passa e of relatively smaller diameter, and a de ector disposedover said air conductor and extends ing through said axial passage, andmeans adapted to conduct the'.fuel to the bowl. While I have shown anddescribed and combination of a bowl adapted to contain a 3. In apparatusof the class described, the

quantity of liquid fuel said bowl being so formed thatthe surface areaof the fuel connarrow axial -fiassage, an air, conductor exy throughsaid bowl and pro-- tending centra vided' with an aperture disposedabove the level of the fuel, a deflector disposed above said air"cond'uctor, a, conduit adapted to. convey the fuel to the bowl, andmeans have ing connection with said conduit and adapted liquid fuel andso formed as to provide a to maintain the fuel in the 'bowlat a prede vtermined heiggit, f v a v -Signed at eyport, in the county of Monmouthand State of New Jersey, this 22nd day of September A. 13.1925.

